PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAF

Ebhohon, S. O.; Emelike, A. P.; Onyenze, C. C.; Ikenna, J. C.; Ngwuta, C. R.

doi:10.5281/zenodo.13381411

Authors

Ebhohon, S. O. Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8721-1457
Emelike, A. P. Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8721-1457
Onyenze, C. C. Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8721-1457
Ikenna, J. C. Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8721-1457
Ngwuta, C. R. Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8721-1457

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13381411

Keywords:

Antioxidant enzymes, Jatropha tanjorensis, Liver enzymes, Phytochemicals, Toxicity

Abstract

The phytochemical evaluation of the aqueous extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. Toxicity studies indicated no mortality up to 6000 mg/kg in mice, with 33.33% mortality at 7000 mg/kg and 100% mortality at 10,000 mg/kg, yielding an LD50 of 7745.97 mg/kg. Biochemical analyses in Wistar rats showed no significant (p < 0.05) changes in serum ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) activities but a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) activity, particularly at 400 mg/kg. Serum total protein and albumin concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05), while bilirubin and globulin levels remained unchanged (p < 0.05). Urea levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 mg/kg, with no significant (p < 0.05) changes in creatinine, sodium, chloride, and potassium levels. Bicarbonate levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at 200 mg/kg. Antioxidant biomarkers—SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), CAT (Catalase), GSH (Reduced Glutathione), and GPx (Glutathione Peroxidase)—increased (p < 0.05) dose-dependently, while MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels decreased (p < 0.05). Histological analyses of liver and kidney sections revealed normal ultrastructures, indicating no histopathological damage. These findings suggest that Jatropha tanjorensis extract has a favorable safety profile at lower doses, with potential antioxidant benefits and no adverse effects on liver and kidney structures.

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2024-08-12

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Ebhohon, S. O., Emelike, A. P., Onyenze, C. C., Ikenna, J. C., & Ngwuta, C. R. (2024). PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAF. GVU Journal of Science, Health and Technology GVU J-SHT, 9(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13381411

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PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAF

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